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Cecilia Esterline /

The H-1B Visa, Explained

As the tech industry boomed, demand for visas intended for highly skilled workers has far outstripped their availability.
H1B Explainer (3)
Illustration by Noah Hickey. Photo of H-1B visa page by Getty Images. Photo of Elon Musk by STR/NurPhoto via Getty Images.

Amid recent infighting on the social media site X between MAGA Republicans and Silicon Valley tech leaders like Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy over immigration, attention quickly centered on a visa program used by highly skilled workers. Musk and his allies defended the H-1B visas that have been the backbone of their industry while the likes of Laura Loomer, a Trump-allied political activist, argued that the visas were contrary to “America First” policies.

Cecilia Esterline is a senior immigration policy analyst at the Niskanen Center, focusing on employment-based visa policy, international student retention, and economic analysis.

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